1．一般過(guò)去時(shí)
表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況，通常一般過(guò)去式帶有表示動(dòng)作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的詞，詞組或從句,如 yesterday, the day before last, last week, two days ago 等,上下文清楚時(shí)可以不帶時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。
I worked in that factory last year.去年我在那一家工廠工作。
I went to the Tian Long Mountain yesterday.昨天我們?nèi)チ颂忑埳健?br />
2．現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
表示說(shuō)話者說(shuō)話時(shí)正在發(fā)生或者進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作， 它注重現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，而不管動(dòng)作從什么時(shí)間開始，到什么時(shí)間結(jié)束。
What are you doing now?你在干什么呢?
I am looking for my key.我在找我的鑰匙。
The workers are building a big library.工人們正在建一座大型圖書館。
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)中有些動(dòng)詞表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，一般指在最近按計(jì)劃或安排要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。如：come, go, leave, start, arrive, be等。并常與表示將來(lái)時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。例如：
They are going to Shanghai on Friday. 他們星期五去上海。
John is coming here next week and will stay here until May.
約翰下星期來(lái)，并將在此逗留到五月。
What are you doing next Saturday? 你下星期六干什么事？
I am seeing him tomorrow. 我明天去看望他。
I am going for a walk. Are you coming with me? Yes, I am just coming. Wait a bit.
我去散步，你和我去嗎？好，我就來(lái)，稍等一下。
3．表示頻率的副詞和短語(yǔ)
always, sometimes, often, never, once a week, twice a week, about twice a week, three time a week, every day, nearly every day
4．一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)可以用于以下幾種情況：
①表示人或事物動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)，如：
They usually watch TV on Sundays.他們通常在星期天看電視。
She gets up at six o'clock.她在六點(diǎn)起床。
�、诒硎救嘶蚴挛铿F(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)，如
He is twelve.他十二歲。She is at home.她在家。
Her car is under the tree.她的車在樹下。
�、郾硎窘�(jīng)常的或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，如：
I go to school at 7:30 every day.每天七點(diǎn)半我上學(xué)。
�、鼙硎局髡Z(yǔ)具備的性格和能力等，如：
David can speak English and Spanish.戴維會(huì)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)和西班牙語(yǔ)。
She likes apples.她喜歡蘋果。
�、荼硎酒毡榇嬖诨蚰撤N客觀事實(shí)。如：
March comes after February.二月之后三月來(lái)到了。
The sun is bigger than the moon.太陽(yáng)比月亮大。
5．be going to結(jié)構(gòu)
表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作和將來(lái)的計(jì)劃。
What are you going to do next Sunday?
下星期天你打算干什么？
They're going to meet outside the school gate.
他們打算在校門口見面。
We're not going to have any classes next week.
下個(gè)星期我們不上課。
I'm going to be a teacher.
He's going to join a conversation club.
6．一般將來(lái)時(shí)
一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，也表示將來(lái)經(jīng)�；蚍闯０l(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如：in a few days, tomorrow, next week, next year等。一般將來(lái)時(shí)由"助動(dòng)詞will+動(dòng)詞原形"構(gòu)成。在口語(yǔ)中，will在名詞或代詞后常簡(jiǎn)縮為'll, will not常簡(jiǎn)縮為won't。在疑問(wèn)句中，主語(yǔ)為第一人稱（I和we）時(shí)，常用助動(dòng)詞shall。例如：
I will go to my hometown next week.下個(gè)星期我將要去我老家。
We will come to see you every Sunday.每個(gè)星期天我們將來(lái)看你。
【注意】①在表示"帶意愿色彩的將來(lái)"時(shí)，常用will。例如：
I'll give you a hand. 我愿意幫你。
�、谠趩�(wèn)對(duì)方是否愿意，或表示客氣的邀請(qǐng)或命令時(shí)，常用will。例如：
Will you go to the office with me? 你愿意和我一起去辦公室嗎？
Will you please clean the blackboard? 你能擦一下黑板嗎？
�、墼诒硎窘ㄗh或征求對(duì)方意見時(shí)，可用shall，例如：
Shall we go home now? 我們能現(xiàn)在回家嗎？
Shall I put my handbag here? 我能把我的包放在這里嗎？
be going to表示將要發(fā)生的事或打算、計(jì)劃、決定要做的事情。例如：
肯定句：
They're going to meet outside the school gate.
I'm going to finish high school in two years.
After I graduate from high school, I'm going to go to college for four years.
I'm going to study languages because after college I'm going to work as a language teacher.
While at college, I'm also going to take a computer course because I'm going to use computers in my work.
否定句：
We're not going to have any classes next week.
I'm not going play lots of sports and keep fit.
I'm not going to save up my money next month.
I'm not going to visit Egypt next week.
I'm not going to ride a camel to Beijing.
I'm not going to take lots of photos for you.
I'm not going to concentrate on this job.
疑問(wèn)句：
What are you going to do next Sunday?
Where are you going to study?
Are you going to live at home?
What are you going to have for lunch?
Are you going to visit your grandparents?
Is he going to join a conversation club?
7．形容詞的比較級(jí)：
形容詞的比較級(jí)用于兩個(gè)人或事物的比較,其結(jié)構(gòu)形式如下:
主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)(系動(dòng)詞)+ 形容詞比較級(jí)+than+ 對(duì)比成分。 也就是, 含有形容詞比較級(jí)的主句+than+從句。注意從句常常省去意義上和主句相同的部分, 而只剩下對(duì)比的成分。如:
Our teacher is taller than we are.我們老師的個(gè)子比我們的高。
It is warmer today than it was yesterday.今天的天氣比昨天暖和。
This picture is more beautiful than that one.這張照片比那張照片漂亮。
This meeting is less important than that one.這次會(huì)議不如那次會(huì)議重要。
The sun is much bigger than the moon.太陽(yáng)比月亮大得多。
8．used to的用法
used to"過(guò)去經(jīng)常，以前常常"。表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常干某事（但現(xiàn)在已不是如此）。例如：
I used to draw pictures. I liked that. But I am too busy to do that.
我以前總畫畫，我喜歡，但我現(xiàn)在太忙了不畫畫了。
We used to grow beautiful flowers is the garden.我們過(guò)去常在花園里種美麗的鮮花。
There used to be many trees but now you see. The trees have all been cut down.
原來(lái)這里有好多樹，但現(xiàn)在你看，樹都被砍光了。
used to的否定式和疑問(wèn)式有兩種構(gòu)成法：
1）借助did. 如:
She didn't use(d) to do it, did she?她以前不做那個(gè)，是不是？
Did you use to play the piano?你以前是不是彈鋼琴？
2)不用did, 如：
You usedn't to make that kind of mistakes. But why now?
你過(guò)去不犯那樣的錯(cuò)誤，可現(xiàn)在為什么犯？
Used you to make up stories out of your own head? 你以前是不是自已編故事？
9．不定代詞的用法
不定代詞大多數(shù)通常在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、或定語(yǔ)。例如：
Nobody saw the problem at first.（主語(yǔ)）
Can they do anything to save the Aral Sea?（賓語(yǔ)）
There is nothing but salt and sand.（表語(yǔ)）
Have you any novels? 你有小說(shuō)書嗎？（定語(yǔ)）
10．"How+形容詞"的特殊疑問(wèn)句
How long is the Nile River?
How high is the Great Pyramid?
How deep is the Grand Canyon?
How far is Beijing from Shanghai?
11．過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)
�、龠^(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)用于表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行或繼續(xù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)經(jīng)常與過(guò)去時(shí)搭配使用，過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)作過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間背景。例如：
This time yesterday, we were having an English lesson. There was a slight earthquake.
昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候，我們正上英語(yǔ)課，這時(shí)發(fā)生了輕微地震。
A year ago we were living in Shanghai. My mother fell ill and passed away.
一年前我們住在上海。我的母親病了并在那里去世。
The teacher was giving us a lesson when Tom walked into the room.
當(dāng)湯姆走進(jìn)教室時(shí)，老師在給我們上課。
While we were having supper, all the lights went out.我們正吃飯的時(shí)候，燈熄滅了。
He was reading while she was setting the table.她放桌子時(shí)，他在讀書。（互為時(shí)間背景）
It was getting dark. The wind was rising.天漸漸黑下來(lái)了。風(fēng)勢(shì)增強(qiáng)了。（互為背景）
�、谶^(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去頻繁發(fā)生的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，常與always, continually, frequently等詞連用。例如：
The old man was always mislaying his keys.這位老人總是忘記把鑰匙放在什么地方了。
He was continually asking questions.他老是問(wèn)問(wèn)題，沒個(gè)完。
The two brothers were frequently quarrelling.這兩個(gè)兄弟經(jīng)常吵架。
12．情態(tài)動(dòng)詞could
could表示說(shuō)話人能,可以,同意,準(zhǔn)許,以及客觀條件許可,could是can 的過(guò)去式。
He could play the violin when he was seven.當(dāng)他七歲時(shí)，就會(huì)拉小提琴。
Could they speak French? 他們會(huì)說(shuō)法語(yǔ)嗎？
Yes, they could. /No, they couldn't.是的，他們會(huì)。/不，他們不會(huì)。
He could help us at all.他完全可以幫助我們。
Could you help me, please? 請(qǐng)問(wèn),你能幫助我嗎?
13．be動(dòng)詞+形容詞
be動(dòng)詞+形容詞：He is extremely patient.
英語(yǔ)常見系動(dòng)詞有：be, look, become, get, seem, turn, grow, appear, taste, feel, smell等，系動(dòng)詞一般后面跟形容詞或名詞作表語(yǔ)。例如：
The lesson was interesting.那一課很有趣。
He looks ill.他看起來(lái)病了。
The soup tastes delicious.湯的味道很美。
She seems very quiet. 她看起來(lái)很安靜。
Mike is my younger brother.邁克是我弟弟。
Jim became a doctor.吉姆當(dāng)上大夫了。
14．句型too…to…和not…enough…的區(qū)別
too…to…"太……以至不（能）"。例如：
The girl is too short to reach the book on the top of the shelf.
那個(gè)女孩太矮，她夠不著放在書架頂上的書。
It's too cold for children to play ourselves.天氣太冷，孩子們不能在外面玩。
句型too…to…=not…enough to…。例如：
She's not tall enough to reach the cookies.她要拿到那個(gè)甜餅還不夠高。
=She's too short to reach the cookies.
15．并列句
連詞but, on the other hand, while等連接兩個(gè)并列的句子，表示"轉(zhuǎn)折"關(guān)系，表示對(duì)比或相反的情況。例如：
Eric is a good friend, but he worries all the time.
艾力克是一個(gè)好朋友，但是他總是心事重重。
She is hardworking, but her sister is very lazy.
她很用功，但她妹妹卻很懶。
Eric is very hardworking and patient. Danny, on the other hand, is very lazy and impatient. 艾力克是個(gè)非常用功，富有耐心的人。而丹尼卻非常懶，沒有耐心。
Danny forgets things. Eric, on the other hand, always remembers to turn off the lights.
丹尼易忘記事情。而艾力克總是記得關(guān)燈。
I have been to Beijing many times but my parents have never been there.
我去過(guò)北京多次,但我父母親從沒去過(guò)。
I drink black coffee while he prefers it with cream.
我愛喝清咖啡而他喜歡加奶油的。
English is understood all over the world while Turkish is spoken by only a few people outside Turkey itself.英語(yǔ)世界通行，但土耳其語(yǔ)離開本國(guó)就很少有人說(shuō)人。
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