英語閱讀難句分析之定語從句(2)

　　第一層： Behaviorists 主 suggest 謂 that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his 賓語從句 or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.

　　第二層： (賓語從句) that 引 the child 主 who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity 定語從句

　　for appropriate responses will experience 謂 greater intellectual 定 development. 賓

　　第三層： (定語從句) who 引 is raised 謂 in an environment 狀 where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for ap- 定語從句

　　propriate responses

　　第四層： (定語從句) where 引 there 引 are 系 many 定 stimuli 主 which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses 定語從句

　　第五層： (定語從句) which 引 develop 謂 his or her 定 capacity 賓 for appropriate 定 responses

　　要點(diǎn) 根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系可以看出，本句中suggest的詞義不是propose,而是bring an idea into the mind,所以翻譯為…的看法是。who引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾child，根據(jù)上下文的語義關(guān)系，翻譯成條件句;where引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾 environment,用合譯法譯出;which引導(dǎo)的從句修飾stimuli,用分譯法進(jìn)行翻譯。appropriate：適合的，相稱的。

　　譯文 行為主義者的看法是，如果一個兒童在有許多刺激因素的環(huán)境里長大，而這些刺激因素能夠開發(fā)其相應(yīng)的反映能力，那么這個兒童將會有更好的智力發(fā)展。

　　3. I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities - those of love and of reason - are the aims of all social arrangements.

　　要點(diǎn) 本句為含有兩個定語從句的主從復(fù)合句。主句的謂語動詞suggest可接動名詞作賓語。而賓語中的transform一詞常用在transform sth. from …… into……結(jié)構(gòu)中，譯為“把…從…轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)?hellip;”。句中兩個in which分別修飾其先行詞industrialism，翻譯時(shí)宜采用前置法。兩個破折號之間的those of love and of reason為potentialities一詞的同位語。

　　譯文 我建議把我們的社會制度從以最大限度的生產(chǎn)和最大限度的消費(fèi)為目的的官僚主義管理下的產(chǎn)業(yè)體制轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐粋�充分發(fā)揮人的潛能——即愛和理智的潛能——為其全部社會工作之目的的人道主義產(chǎn)業(yè)體制。

　　4. President Kennedy wanted people who raised questions,who criticized,on whose judgment he could rely, who presented an intelligent point of view,regardless of their rank or viewpoint.

　　要點(diǎn) 本句中who……，who……，on whose……，who……四個定語從句并列，共同修飾中心詞people。

　　譯文 肯尼迪總統(tǒng)需要提問題的人、能提批評意見的人、做出可靠判斷的人以及能提出明智看法的人，而不問他們的級別和觀點(diǎn)。

　　5. In the soap war between Proctor and Gamble and Unilever, tremendous use is made of statistics to measure the dynamic difference in market resulting from the proportional allocation to advertising, which constitutes such a large part of their production costs before selling, so that they regard their production costs as production plus advertising costs.

　　要點(diǎn) 此句結(jié)構(gòu)比較復(fù)雜，但主句很簡單，主語為use，謂語為is made.主句正常語序?yàn)閠remendous use of statistics is made to……， to measure……作目的狀語，resulting from……為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作difference的后置定語。which引導(dǎo)一個非限制性定語從句，修飾allocation to advertising.so that引導(dǎo)一個結(jié)果狀語從句。plus為介詞，意為“加上”。soap war 為“肥皂廣告大戰(zhàn)”。

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