初中英語(yǔ)四大句式陳述句,疑問(wèn)句,祈使句及感嘆句
A. 陳述句
初中英語(yǔ)對(duì)陳述句的考察主要集中在肯定陳述句和否定陳述句兩種。
a. 陳述句的肯定式。
I have already posted the pictures.
They are teachers.
I must go now .
He was reading a magazine at 10:00 yesterday.
b.陳述句的否定式。
(1)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是系動(dòng)詞be, 助動(dòng)詞have, will, shall, be或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，只須在其后面加not構(gòu)成否定句。
She isn’t a teacher .
He hasn’t been to the zoo .
I can not sing .
(2)若謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，在實(shí)義動(dòng)詞前加上do not，第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)現(xiàn)在時(shí)用does not，過(guò)去時(shí)用did not。
He didn’t send me an message .
(3)由具有否定含義的詞never, nobody, hardly, little, few, seldom, too…to等構(gòu)成的否定句.
Not all the books in our school library can be borrowed .
B. 疑問(wèn)句
英語(yǔ)中有四種疑問(wèn)句：一般疑問(wèn)句、特殊疑問(wèn)句、選擇疑問(wèn)句和反意疑問(wèn)句。
a.一般疑問(wèn)句：以一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、動(dòng)詞be或have開(kāi)始，語(yǔ)調(diào)為升調(diào)，通常要求以yes或no回答的疑問(wèn)句。
(1)一般疑問(wèn)句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)：
is, am, are, was, were+主語(yǔ)+表語(yǔ)
have, has, had+主語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)
can, may, must等+主語(yǔ)+行為動(dòng)詞或be…
do, does, did+主語(yǔ)+行為動(dòng)詞
shall, will, have, has+主語(yǔ)+行為動(dòng)詞
(2)否定形式的疑問(wèn)句，通常把助動(dòng)詞與not縮寫(xiě)，放在句首。構(gòu)成回答：
Aren’t you a teacher?
Yes, I am .(不，我是)
No, I am not .(對(duì)，我不是)
b. 特殊疑問(wèn)句：以疑問(wèn)代詞who, what, whom, whose, which或疑問(wèn)副詞when, where, why, how開(kāi)頭的疑問(wèn)句。
(1) 如果疑問(wèn)詞在句中作主語(yǔ)或其修飾主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其語(yǔ)序如陳述句。
Who is on duty today ?
Which book is me ?
(2) 如果疑問(wèn)詞在句中不作主語(yǔ)或其不修飾主語(yǔ)，用“疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句”形式。
Where have you been ?
c. 選擇疑問(wèn)句：提出兩種或兩種以上的情況，供回答者選擇，并由or連用，但不能用Yes或no 來(lái)回答。
(1) 疑問(wèn)句+選擇成分1+or+選擇成分2?
Do you want coffee or tea ?
Are you an Chinese or an American ?
(2) 特殊問(wèn)句+選擇答案1+or+選擇答案2?
Who runs fast, Jerry , Tim or Lily ?
d. 反意疑問(wèn)句：陳述部分+提問(wèn)部分。
(1) 前肯后否，前否后肯
前后人稱(chēng)、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)要一致，疑問(wèn)部分要用代詞
如果前面陳述句中有否定詞：hardly, little, few, never, nothing, none , nobody, not, no 等，后面疑問(wèn)句應(yīng)該用肯定式。
My grandma used to be a teacher, didn’t she ?
(2) 陳述句部分是復(fù)合句時(shí)，提問(wèn)部分的主語(yǔ)和助動(dòng)詞要與主句一致。
He was reading when the teacher came in, wasn’t he ?
(3)在“I think(guess, suppose, believe)+賓語(yǔ)從句”中，當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第一人稱(chēng)時(shí)，附加疑問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)與后面賓語(yǔ)從句相一致;但若主語(yǔ)不是第一人稱(chēng)時(shí)，則附加問(wèn)句與前面主句一致。
I don’t think he can pass the exam, can he ?
He believed you had seen her before, didn’t he ?
(4)在含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must 的句子中，若must 表示推測(cè)，提問(wèn)用must后面的動(dòng)詞。若must表示有必要時(shí)，用needn’t。若mustn’t表示禁止時(shí)，提問(wèn)用must。
He must be surprised, isn’t he ?
You must go to Guangzhou, needn’t you?
You mustn’t parking here, must you ?
(5)陳述句部分為祈使句，疑問(wèn)部分常用will you(表請(qǐng)求)。注：let’s 用shall we(包括說(shuō)話人)，let us 用will you(不包括說(shuō)話人)。
Have a cup of tea, will you ?
Let’s go now, shall we ?
Let us go now, will you ?
C. 祈使句
可表示請(qǐng)求、命令、勸告、建議等。(省主語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞用原形)
(1) let + 第一人稱(chēng)，第三人稱(chēng)+(not)動(dòng)詞原形。
Let me try another time .
(2) 動(dòng)詞原形+其他成分
Listen to me carefully .
(3) Don’t (never)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他成分。
Don’t look out of the window .
(4) Do+動(dòng)詞原形+其他成分。
Do give him another chance .
D. 感嘆句
表示喜怒哀樂(lè)等強(qiáng)烈感情，句尾用“!”。What 修飾名詞，how 修飾形容詞、副詞。
(1) How + 形容詞 / 副詞
How hot it is today !
How smart the girl is !
How slow she runs !
How hard the boys are working !
How smart a boy he is !
How funny an monkey it is !
(2)What + 名詞
What a cold day it is today !
What an honest woman his mother is !
What small trees they are !
What good students the girls are !
What hot water it is !
What delicious dinner it is !
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