2023年初中英語知識點：祈使句的分類及應(yīng)用

一般祈使句

句型［（呼語），（Don't）動詞原形+（賓語）+其他］

1. Study, study and once more study. 2. Working men of all countries, unite!

3. Learn from comrade Lei Feng. 4. Don't forget it. 5. Come here.

6. Stop crying and wipe away your tears.

句型［（Don't）Be+表語+（其他）］

1. Be red and expert. 2. Be brave, don't be afraid. 3. Don't be shy!

4. Be careful, when cross the street. 5. Be an honest person, speak and act honestly.

3. Don't be afraid, speak out.

句型［Get+過去分詞/副詞虛助詞+（其他）］

1. Get organized! 2. Get done with it. 3. Get away! 4. Get along with you.

5. Get out of here. 6. Get back.

[附注] 祈使句一般不用主語，如系多數(shù)人而須指示任務(wù)時可以有主語，這個主語相當(dāng)于呼語。如：

1. You talk; we have heard enough from the others.

2. Everybody shut their eyes.

3. You sweep the floor, Xiao Wang; you clean the desks, Xiao Li, and others fetch water.

其次，大人對孩子說話，或含有急躁、厭煩等情緒， 也可加主語you

1. Now you listen to me. 2. You must not talk so loud!

3. Now you get a bit of paper and write down. 4. Your mind your own business!

第三，當(dāng)句中的副詞虛助詞在句首時，須用主語，如：In you go! (=Go in, please.)

強語勢祈使句

句型62[(肯定句)Do +動詞原形+(其他)]/[(否定句) Never+動詞原形+(其他)]

1. Do tell me! 2. Do be careful! 3. Do come! 4. Do stay with us! 5. Never tell a lie.

6. Never stand right in the middle of your work.

7. Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today.

句型［No/None of+名詞！］

1. No falsehood! Our strength lies in stating the truth.

2. The King said: "he has studied too much, No books and no teachers any more!...

3. None of your little games! 4. None of your nonsense! 5. None of your impudence

[注1] no是泛指，none所指有一定的范圍

[注2] 舊時有用for God's sake或for goodness' sake等來加強語氣的。For God's sake don't fire that gun!

委婉祈使句

句型［Please+動詞原形+（其他）］

1. Please pass me the dictionary. 2. Lend me your knife, please.

3. Don't stand please on ceremony. 4. Move along, please. 5. Please help yourself!

[注] 文學(xué)作品中please可用pray替代，如：1. Pray go home. 2. Pray, go on with your next story.

句型［Will you/ Won't you/ Would you+動詞原形+（其他）］

1. Will you come here? (= Please come here.) 2. Will you do the beds, while I do the windows?

3. Help me with this luggage, will you? 4. Won't you stay a little longer?

5. Won't you have some more? 6. "Would you do me a favor?" - "Why, of course."

7. Would you like another drink? 8. Would you kindly show me the way?

[注] 疑問句的祈使句還有 could, can, may, might, 如：Could you lend me five shillings until tomorrow?

Might (May) I borrow your pen (for) a moment?

句型［Would you mind (not) +動名詞+（其他）］/ ［Do you mind (not) +動名詞+（其他）］

1. "Would (或Do) you mind lending me your dictionary?"-"Certainly not."

2. Would you mind being here at nine o'clock?

3. "Do you mind my opening the window?"-"Oh, no, please."

4. Do you mind not smoking in the dining-room, please?

句型［What about +動名詞+（其他）］/［How about+動名詞+（其他）］

1. What about starting work tomorrow? 2. What about going out for a walk?

3. How about trying to do it my way?

句型［Be+so good/kind as+不定式+（其他）］/ ［Be+good/kind enough+不定式+（其他）］

1. Be so good as to come and join us at 5 o'clock.

2. Be so kind as (=kind enough) to shut the door.

3. Be good enough to let me know when you will return from your holiday.

4. Be kind enough to come and help me to study English.

[注1] 句型60, 61可與本句型結(jié)合使用， 如：1. Will you be back early this evening, please? 2. Will you be kind enough/so kind as to close the door? 3. Would you be so good as to post the letter for me?

[注2] 有時可以在這些句型前加上just, 使語氣更緩和，如：Just listen to her, please! Just shut the door, will you?

建議祈使句

句型［Let us/ Let's或Let+第三人稱賓語+動詞原形+其他］

1. Let us know the time of your arrival. 2. Oh, do let us be friends.

3. "Let's go."-"yes, let's go." 4. Let's start early, shall we?

5. "Shall he come in?"-"let him wait!" 6. Let him have his say.

7. "Nature and Nature's laws lay hid in night, god said 'Let Newton be' and all was light.'

[注] let可用于句型55，如：Let me see. "Let me alone." "Please let me into the house."

句型［Let+賓語+not }+動詞原形+其他］［Don't let+賓語+動詞原形+其他］

1. Let us not go. 2. Let's not waste out time arguing about it. 3. Let's not discuss it in class.

4. Don't let the fire out. 5. Don't let the children come near the edge.

6. Pray (please) don't let us be splitting hairs…, or there'll never be an end of the cause.

[注1] 古英語中可采用 "Let not+賓語…"的形式，如：1. Let not success elate you. (=you should not be elated by success.) 2. Let not failure deject you

[注2] 以上三種否定式不可用于間接引語中，如：(誤)Tell him don't let the fire out.

(誤)Tell him let the fire not out. (誤)Tell him let not the fire out. (正)Tell him not to let the fire out.

句型［Suppose/Supposing+主語+謂語（動詞原形、過去時）+其他］

1. Suppose you ring me up. 2. Supposing we go for a swim.

3. Suppose (Supposing) we try to do it my way. 4. Supposing we looked (look) him up today.

句型［主語+had better+動詞原形+其他］

1. We'd better start early. (=It would be better for us to start early.)

2. You'd better do as the doctor says and stay in bed.

3. You had better go to the fields and have a look. 4. Hadn't you better take an umbrella?

[注] 相當(dāng)于本句型的還有以下二式：1. "…would be well+不定式…" It would be well to start early.

2. "…may as well+原形動詞…" We may as well go.

[附注] 建議祈使句還可以用以下動詞來表達

1)allow, 如：Allow me, Sir, to introduce you to my fellow-travelers.

Pray allow me to detain you for a moment..

2) permit, 多用于正式場合，如：Permit me to explain further.

Please permit me, on behalf of our school, to extend my heartfelt greetings to you.

其次，也可用陳述句來表達這種概念。如：You have to knock before you enter my room.

1. You are not to come into my room without knocking.

2. You ought to show honor to your teachers. 3. We should be the masters of Science.

4. You are to write your name at the top of each sheet of paper.

祝愿句

句型［Long live+第三人稱主語］

1. Long live our socialist motherland.

2. Long live the great, glorious and correct Communist Party of China.

句型［May+第二、三人稱主語+動詞原形+其他］

1. May you return soon! 2. May he never repent this act!

3. May you succeed in building up a strong and prosperous country!

4. May our two peoples achieve even greater successes in our socialist construction!

[注] 句型69，70可結(jié)合使用。如：Long may she live to enjoy her good fortune!

有時可用might代替may, 如：Rather might they live in friendship for the future!

句型［（祝愿內(nèi)容）名詞+to+名詞或代詞（被祝愿對象）］

1. Eternal glory to the people's heroes! 2. Solute to you! 3. Success to you!

4. A long life to you! 5. A toast to our friendship! 6. A happy journey to you! 7. Good luck to you!

句型［If only/But+主語+虛擬式謂語+其他］

1. If only Marx were still by my side to see this with his own eyes!

2. If only I had known then what I knew long afterwards!

3. Ah, if only it had life and movement! 4. If I could only get something to do.

句型［Oh/ O/ Ah）名詞+that+主語+虛擬式謂語+其他］［Oh/ O/ Ah）名詞+to be+表語+其他］

[Oh/ O/ Ah)名詞+虛擬式謂語+主語+其他]

1. Oh! That she could come back to life again! 2. O that he were alive and could see the fruits of his labor.

3. Ah, that I had but known! 4. O that I had listened to him! 5. Oh, to be in England now that April's there! 6. O to be a boy again! 7. O were he only here! 8. O had I wings!

句型［Be+主語+表語+其他］/［表語+Be+主語+其他］

1. Be his banner unconquered, resistless his spear.

2. Be ours a happy meeting! 3. Light be her heart and gay her merry eyes!

4. So be it! (=So may it be! =Be it so!)

5. "Good friend for Jesus' sake, forbear

To dig the dust enclosed here,

Blessed be he that spares these stones

And curst be he that moves my bones." (Epitaph written by Shakespeare)

句型［Would (that)+主語+虛擬式謂語+其他］

1. Would (that) it were otherwise! 2. Would that they were safe home again!

3. Would you were with us! (= I wish you were with us!) 4. Would I were a scientist!

5. Would (that) I were young again. 6. Would I were as strong as you.

[注] 口語中還有各種表示祝愿的說法，如：Good morning! A Happy New Year! A Happy Holiday! Happy journey! Many happy returns (of the day)! Good luck in everything! My best wishes to you!

揭示句

句型 [ No+動名詞或名詞�。�/ [(修飾語)+名詞]

1. No Smoking! 2. No Parking Here! 3. No Scribbling (on the wall)! 4. No Passage!

2. No Admittance! 6. No Admittance except on business. 7. No Spitting! 8. No Talking!

9. No Thoroughfare. 10. No Bill (或 Post No Bill). 11. Not to Be Taken Away!

12. Order! 13. Interval - 10 Min. 14. The End. 15. Night Bell. 16. Holiday.

17. Poison! 18. Danger! 19. High Tension! 20. Attention! (或Look out!)

[注] 這種句型還可以用副詞，形容詞，分詞，動詞，詞組或句子來表達，如：Slow; Keep Right;

Hands off; Wet Paint; Beware of Fire; Upstairs; Downstairs; Push; Pull; Children not Allowed; Engaged; Full, All Full; Time's over; Entrance; Exit; Way out等。

口號口令式祈使句

句型［副詞虛助詞+with+名詞（或代詞）］

1. Down with the slave mentality! Bury dogmatism!

2. Away with superstition and emancipate the mind.

3. Down with the landlords! 4. Up with the poor! 5. Up with it! 6. In with you! 7. Out with it!

8. Off with your hat. 9. Off with their heads! 10. On with your shoes!

句型［名詞+副詞虛助詞！］ ［副詞或比較級副詞�。�

1. Hands up! 2. Hands off! 3. Skates off! 4. Forward to new victories! 5. Louder! 6. Higher!

7. "Forward, men, forward" cries Pakenham. 8. "Away!-away!" cried she wildly.

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