2023年初中英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)：基本被動(dòng)句應(yīng)用

基式被動(dòng)句

句型［主語+（特殊定式動(dòng)詞）+be+過去分詞…+by+施動(dòng)者］

1. We have been greatly encouraged by Lei Feng's example.

2. Smoking is not permitted in this theatre. 3. How the steel was tempered?

4. Robert Finn was dismissed by the boss of the factory.

5. If Cowperwood were convicted, Stener needs must be.

6. The story will be continued in our next month's issue.

7. Has the work been finished ahead of time?

[注] 閱讀時(shí)不要把含有by的成語當(dāng)成施動(dòng)者，如：by hand(用手)by itself(獨(dú)自)by storm(突然)by air(乘飛機(jī))例如： "Many years ago a great castle in Holland was taken by storm. The enemies entered the castle…"

句型［主語+get +過去分詞+其他］

1. He got killed in the war. 2. The boy got hurt on his way home from work.

3. This story eventually got translated into English. 4. He got dismissed. 5. He got plucked. 6. He got drowned last year. 7. I don't want to get mixed up with the police again.

句型［主語+be+形容詞+to be +過去分詞+其他］

1. She is bound to be received warmly. 2. We are liable to be overheard here.

3. He is not likely to have been notified about it. 4. Cast iron is apt to be broken.

5. Everything that is good is sure to be praised and everything bad is sure to be exposed.

6. He was unlucky to be hurt.

句型［主語+謂語+to be+過去分詞+其他］

1. He seemed to be shut up in himself like a shellfish. 2. Is it to be sung or said?

3. "Would you like to be taught Latin?" - I asked.

4. She asked to be sent to work in the countryside.

5. He preferred to be assigned something more difficult to do.

句型［主語+被動(dòng)式謂語+介詞/副詞虛助詞+by+施動(dòng)者］

1. He was often spoken about. 2. He was well looked after. 3. That man can be relied upon.

4. This idea was put forward by Mr. Wheatley. 5. Children are well taken care of in the nurseries.

[附注1] 表示被動(dòng)行為的施動(dòng)者主要用by，但也有用with, 不過with已近于表示行為的工具，后面不能接人的名詞，如：I was much impressed with the beauty of the music. He is deeply impressed with your generous donation.

He was killed with a bullet. I was struck with an idea.

[附注2] 一般說來，只有當(dāng)謂語是被動(dòng)式時(shí)，這個(gè)句子才可稱為被動(dòng)句，下面的句子含有被動(dòng)意義的非謂語成分，雖然表達(dá)了一定的被動(dòng)意義，但是不能說是被動(dòng)句，She didn't like herself to be praised like that. 這種被動(dòng)意義的非謂語成分主要由下了詞語表達(dá)出來：

1) 被動(dòng)不定式。它可以在句中作主語、定語、復(fù)合賓語、狀語等。

It is an honor for me to be invited to take part in the meeting.

He wanted the letter to be typed at once. She was the first woman to have been elected to such a post.

2) 被動(dòng)分詞在句中作定語、復(fù)合賓語等。He told us to keep a secret of the things being discussed.

The goods ordered last month have not arrived yet. You'll find the topic being discussed everywhere.

The speech made by the Prime Minister yesterday delighted his supporters.

3) 被動(dòng)動(dòng)名詞。I had the honor of being elected His being neglected by the host added to his uneasiness..

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