來源:網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源 2023-09-30 21:38:57
一般過去時(shí)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)
1. 肯定句形式:主語+動(dòng)詞過去式+其他
I was an English teacher one year ago. 一年前我是一名英語老師。
I bought a yellow dress yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午我買了一條黃裙子。
2. 否定句形式:①was/were+not; ②在行為動(dòng)詞前加didn't,同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞
I wasn't an English teacher one year ago. 一年前我不是一名英語老師。
I didn't buy a yellow dress yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午我沒買一條黃裙子。
3. 一般疑問句:①was/were提到句首;②Did+主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其他?
Were you an English teacher one year ago? 一年前你是一名英語老師嗎?
Did you buy a yellow dress yesterday afternoon? 昨天下午你買了一條黃裙子嗎?
4. 特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句
What were you one year ago? 一年前你是做什么的?
When did you buy a yellow dress? 你什么時(shí)候買了一條黃裙子?
一般過去時(shí)的基本用法
1. 表示在過去某個(gè)時(shí)間所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或所處的狀態(tài)(與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)) 。常與yesterday, last week, in 1989, just now, a moment ago, the other day等過去具體時(shí)間狀語連用。
He was here just now. 他剛才還在這里。
What did you do yesterday? 你昨天做了什么事?
2. 在過去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。
We often played together when we were children. 我們小時(shí)候常在一起玩。
注:表示過去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作還可用used to 和would。
He used to smoke a lot, but he doesn’t now. 他過去經(jīng)常抽煙,但現(xiàn)在不抽了。
Whenever we were in trouble, he would help us. 每當(dāng)我們遇到困難,他都會(huì)幫助我們。
3. 表示主語過去的特征或性格。
At that time she was very good at English. 那時(shí)她英語學(xué)得很好。
4. 一般過去時(shí)有時(shí)可以表示現(xiàn)在,多與 want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等動(dòng)詞連用,使語氣更委婉。
I wondered if you could help me. 不知你能不能幫我一下。
5. 有時(shí)用一般過去時(shí)也是時(shí)態(tài)一致的需要。
I didn’t know you were here. 沒想到你在這里。
6.【注意】
(1)表示一系列的動(dòng)作,盡管有先后,都用一般過去時(shí),最后兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞之間用and連結(jié)。
He opened the door, rushed out and then disappeared.
他打開門,沖了出去,然后就消失了。
(2)注意在語境中理解“我剛才/原來還不……”。
——Your phone number again? I didn’t quite catch it. 請(qǐng)?jiān)僬f一次你的電話號(hào)碼,好嗎?我剛才沒聽清楚。
——是2566666。
7.【常見考法】
對(duì)于一般過去時(shí)的考查,多以單選、句型轉(zhuǎn)換或詞語運(yùn)用的形式考查學(xué)生在具體語境中靈活運(yùn)用時(shí)態(tài)的能力。在考試中,會(huì)讓大家判斷是否該用一般過去時(shí),或動(dòng)詞過去式的正確變化,或一般過去時(shí)的句型構(gòu)成。
典型例題:1. Xiao Lin went fishing this morning.(改為一般疑問句)
答案:Did Xiao Lin go fishing this morning?
解析:這是一道句型轉(zhuǎn)換題,考查到同學(xué)們對(duì)一般過去時(shí)的句型構(gòu)成的掌握。一般過去時(shí)的一般疑問句句型構(gòu)成為:Did+主語+do+其他?,即句首加 Did,句中過去式還原。
8.【誤區(qū)提醒】
有些句子,雖然沒有表示過去明確時(shí)間的狀語,但實(shí)際上是指過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)的話,也要用過去時(shí),這一點(diǎn),我們中國學(xué)生往往出錯(cuò),要特別注意!
典型例題:I didn''t know you (be)in Paris.
答案:were
解析:題干意思是“我不知道你在巴黎”。因?yàn)樵谡f話時(shí),我已經(jīng)知道你在巴黎了。這句話指的是說話之前,所以只能用過去時(shí)表示。實(shí)際上,這句話暗指:But now I know you are here.
動(dòng)詞過去式的變化規(guī)則
1. 規(guī)則變化
①一般情況下,直接加ed
work—— worked
look——looked
walk——walked
②以e結(jié)尾的單詞,直接加d
live ——lived
hope——hoped
use——used
③以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的,變y為i加ed
study——studied
carry——carried
④以元音字母+y結(jié)尾的,直接加ed
enjoy ——enjoyed
play——played
⑤以重讀、一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,雙寫最后的輔音字母+ed
stop—— stopped
plan——planned
prefer——preferred
2. 不規(guī)則變化
動(dòng)詞不規(guī)則變化是初中英語非;A(chǔ)的知識(shí)內(nèi)容,非常重要。它涉及的的語法點(diǎn)包括時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、非謂語動(dòng)詞等,是我們寫對(duì)英語句子的根基,也是歷次大小考必考知識(shí)點(diǎn)
一. AAA型(原形→原形→原形)
原形 過去式 過去分詞 漢語意思
read read read 讀
cut cut cut 切,割
let let let 讓
put put put 放
cost cost cost 花費(fèi),值
hit hit hit 撞,擊
set set set 安排,安置
hurt hurt hurt 使…傷痛
bet bet bet 賭博,打賭
cast cast cast 拋
二. ABA型(原形→過去式→原形)
原形 過去式 過去分詞 漢語意思
become became become 成為
come came come 來
run ran run 跑
throw threw thrown 扔
三. ABC型
1. ow →ew →own
原形 過去式 過去分詞 漢語意思
blow blew blown 吹
draw drew drawn 畫
grow grew grown 生長
know knew known 知道
2. i→a →u
原形 過去式 過去分詞 漢語意思
begin began begun 開始
drink drank drunk 喝
sing sang sung 唱
swim swam swum 游泳
ring rang rung 打電話
3. 原形→過去式→過去式+(e)n
原形 過去式 過去分詞 漢語意思
wear wore worn 穿
forget forgot forgotten 忘記
speak spoke spoken 說
freeze froze frozen 凍
choose chose chosen 選擇
drive drove driven 駕駛
mistake mistook mistaken 誤解
rise rose risen 上升
shake shook shaken 搖
4. 原形→過去式→原形+(e)n
原形 過去式 過去分詞 漢語意思
eat ate eaten 吃
forbid forbade forbidden 禁止
give gave given 給
ride rode ridden 騎
see saw seen 看見
write wrote written 寫
fall fell fallen 落下
break broke broken 打破,折斷
forgive forgave forgiven 原諒;寬恕
5. 無規(guī)律
原形 過去式 過去分詞 漢語意思
am/is was been 是
are were been 是
do did done 做
go went gone 走
take took taken 拿
四. ABB型
1. 原形→ought →ought
原形 過去式 過去分詞 漢語意思
bring brought brought 帶來
buy bought bought 買
fight fought fought 打架
think thought thought 思考
seek sought sought 尋求
2. 原形→aught →aught
原形 過去式 過去分詞 漢語意思
catch caught caught 捉,抓
teach taught taught 教
3. 變其中一個(gè)元音字母
原形 過去式 過去分詞 漢語意思
feed fed fed 喂
meet met met 遇見
get got got 得到
hold held held 擁有
babysit babysat babysat 臨時(shí)照看
sit sat sat 坐
win won won 贏
find found found 發(fā)現(xiàn)
bend bent bent 使彎曲
dig dug dug 挖
lead led led 引導(dǎo)
sell sold sold 賣
4. 原形→□t→□t
原形 過去式 過去分詞 漢語意思
feel felt felt 感到
keep kept kept 保持
leave left left 離開
sleep slept slept 睡
sweep swept swept 掃
smell smelt smelt 聞;發(fā)出氣味
retell retold retold 復(fù)述
5. 變其中一個(gè)輔音字母
原形 過去式 過去分詞 漢語意思
build built built 建造
hear heard heard 聽見
make made made 制造
mean meant meant 意思
send sent sent 送,寄
spend spent spent 花費(fèi)
deal dealt dealt 處理
rebuild rebuilt rebuilt 重建
lend lent lent 借貸
6.輔音字母和元音字母都變
原形 過去式 過去分詞 漢語意思
have had had 有,吃
lay laid laid 放置,產(chǎn)卵
lose lost lost 丟失
pay paid paid 付錢
say said said 說
sell sold sold 賣
tell told told 告訴
stand stood stood 站
misunderstand misunderstood misunderstood 誤解
shoot shot shot 放炮;開槍
understand understood understood 理解
五. AAB型
原形 過去式 過去分詞 漢語意思
beat beat beaten 打敗
六. 有兩種形式
原形 過去式 過去分詞 漢語意思
bear bore born 生
bore borne
hang hanged hanged 吊死
hung hung 掛
learn learned learned 學(xué)
learnt learnt
lie lied lied 說謊
lay lain 躺
show showed showed 給……看
showed shown
spell spelled spelled 拼寫
spelt spelt
burn burned burned 燒
burnt burnt
smell smelled smelled 聞
smelt smelt
shine shined shined 照耀
shone shone
dream dreamed dreamed 做夢(mèng)
dreamt dreamt
wake waked waked 醒
woke woken
hide hid hid 躲藏
hid hidden
bite bit bit 咬
bit bitten
light lighted lighted 點(diǎn)著
lit lit
prove proved proved 證明
proved proven
quit quit quit 放棄
quited quited
rid rid rid 免除;去掉
ridded ridded
saw sawed sawed 鋸
sawed sawn
sew sewed sewed 縫紉
sewed sown
shine shone shone 發(fā)光;閃亮
shined shined
sink sank sunk 下沉
sank sunken
sow sowed sowed 種植
sowed sown
spit spat spat 吐
spit spit
spring sprang sprung 跳躍
sprung sprung
wet wet wet 浸濕;弄濕
wetted wetted
七. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
原形 過去式 過去分詞 漢語意思
can could ∕ 能
may might ∕ 也許
must ∕ ∕ 必須
shall should ∕ 將要
will would ∕ 會(huì)
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